Rhetorical Analysis of the Declaration of Independence

The Declaration of Independence Rhetorical Analysis Christian Johnson / P6 PART I The Declaration of Independence is considered by many to be the finest piece of political prose ever written. It can be seen as a document in five parts:   the introduction, the preamble, the denunciation of George III, the denunciation of the British people, and the conclusion. We are going to closely examine the first three as a way to understand how Jefferson's rhetorical strategies serves the political aims of the young colonies. The introduction consists of the first paragraph, which is a single long sentence (periodic sentence for those who will do well in May). Read the first paragraph and come up with two reasons why Jefferson would frame the introduction in the way he did. Reason ISeen within its original context, however, it is a model of subtlety, nuance, and implication that works on several levels of meaning and allusion to orient readers toward a favorable view of America and to prepare them for the rest of the Declaration. Textual SupportFrom its opening phrase, which sets the American Revolution within the whole â€Å"course of human events,† to its assertion that â€Å"the Laws of Nature and of Nature's God† entitle America to a â€Å"separate and equal station among the powers of the earth,† to its quest for sanction from â€Å"the opinions of mankind,† the introduction elevates the quarrel with England from a petty political dispute to a major event in the grand sweep of history. It dignifies the Revolution as a contest of principle and implies that the American cause has a special claim to moral legitimacy–all without mentioning England or America by name. Reason IILabeling the Americans â€Å"one people† and the British â€Å"another† was also laden with implication and performed several important strategic functions within the Declaration. First, because two alien peoples cannot be made one, it reinforced the notion that breaking the â€Å"political bands† with England was a necessary step in the course of human events. America and England were already separated by the more basic fact that they had become two different peoples. The gulf between them was much more than political; it was intellectual, social, moral, cultural and, according to the principles of nature, could no more be repaired, as Thomas Paine said, than one could â€Å"restore to us the time that is past† or â€Å"give to prostitution its former innocence. † To try to perpetuate a purely political connection would be â€Å"forced and unnatural,† â€Å"repugnant to reason, to the universal order of things. â€Å" If you had to argue that the most important word in the first paragraph is necessary, how would you make that case? To say an act was necessary during the 18th century implied that it was impelled by fate or determined by the operation of inextricable natural laws and was beyond the control of human agents. Characterizing the Revolution as necessary suggested that it resulted from constraints that operated with law like force throughout the material universe and within the sphere of human action. The Revolution was not merely preferable, defensible, or justifiable. It was as inescapable, as inevitable, as unavoidable within the course of human events as the motions of the tides or the changing of the seasons within the course of natural events Take a look at the second paragraph[1] in which Jefferson sets forth a series of propositions (five in all) that have been called the clearest, most direct statements of political philosophy in the history of writing. Identify the five basic propositions that constitute Jefferson's philosophy of government. Proposition I:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   All men are created equal. Proposition II:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   They are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights Proposition III:  Ã‚   Among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness Proposition IV:  Ã‚  Ã‚   To secure these rights governments are instituted among men Proposition V:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Whenever any form of government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the right of the people to alter or to abolish it. Now take a look at the predicate of each one of Jefferson's propositions and compare it to the subject of the following proposition. What has Jefferson done here? Chart out how the follow if ideas throughout this paragraph is controlled by the subjects and predicates (use a T-chart). Subject |Predicate | |they |all men, from proposition one | |these |man's unalienable rights, from proposition two | |these |man's unalienable rights, from propositions two and three | |these |securing man's unalienable rights, from propositions two, three and | | |four | PART II 1. Read the second paragraph and note how the rhythm (a rise and fall of the voice produced by the alternation of stressed and unstressed syllables in language) of the sentence is constructed to highlight certain concepts. List the words that rhythm highlights and analyze the effect on the paragraph caused by the pattern of stressed words. 2. The Declaration of Independence can be reduced to a relatively syllogism: |Major  premise: |[p|When government deliberately seeks to reduce the people under absolute despotism, the people have a right, indeed a| | |ic|duty, to alter or abolish that form of government and to create new guards for their future security. | |] | | |Minor  premise: |   |The government of Great Britain has deliberately sought to reduce the American people under absolute despotism. | |Conclusion: |   |Therefore the American people have a right, indeed a duty, to abolish their present form of government and to | | | |create new guards for their future security. | The key premise is the minor premise, which explains why Jefferson spends two-thirds of his time establishing the validity of it. Take a look at the sentence(s) that introduce(s) the section that attacks King George III. The history of the present Kind of Great Britain is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations, all having in direct object the establishment of an absolute Tyranny over these states. † Why would Jefferson repeat the word history twice in this sentence? What are a couple of ways that this repetition is effective? ———————– [1] The preamble is presented as a logical demonstration, with one proposition leading to another proposition. From the first proposition (that all men are created equal), a chain of logic is produced that leads to the right and responsibility of revolution when a government becomes destructive of the people's rights.

Is Our Country Too Small to Sustain so Many Professional Sports Teams Essay

Is our country too small to sustain so many professional sports teams? This question is being asked and written about a lot lately. New Zealand sport is fairly strong in places but there are a lot of negatives. But many great sporting triumphs have come out our tiny sports crazy country. But it is debatable wether or not provincial sport is going well at the moment. Teams are dropping out of competitions and are running out of money. On the other hand our country has had some great sporting milestones and our provincial sport is a stepping-stone for some of our world-class athletes to make their mark on the world. Firstly many provincial teams are losing money or are in debt. This either forces teams to drop out of an upcoming season or completely fold. For example the Otago Nuggets had to drop out of the NBL (National Basketball League) in 2009 because of financial reasons. But thanks to their major sponsor Oceania Gold they are back in the League. The Otago Rugby Football Union who over four years lost nearly $4 million and have just announced they may go into liquidation and miss the 2012 ITM Cup. This all starts because unions are spending more money to buy players, coaches, staff, flights and accommodation than what they can afford. With teams going into debt they cannot afford to buy their star players, buying star players maybe good for the team in the short run but can end badly in the long run. This is bad because with a team pulling out does not give locals the chance to get recognised on the big stage where their career could start. This is also bad for big sports fans in a region, as they do not have a team to support. With all the negative points there are positives like there is so many sporting milestones being reached. For such a small country we compete very well against the rest of the world, in some cases we are even world champions. This makes me proud to be a New Zealander. E. g. The All Blacks finally won the rugby world cup after a 24-year drought, 3 times loosing to France. Or the New Zealand Breakers winning the Australian National Basketball League and becoming the first New Zealand team to win an Australian competition beating the Warriors in the NRL for rugby league and the Phoenix in the A-league for soccer. Or The Silver Ferns Beating the world champions in the final of the netball in the commonwealth games and finally the Kiwis who won the last Rugby League World Cup showing that national sport in New Zealand is very strong. It is important having strong national teams as it is a good reputation to have as a country, and for such a sports crazy nation it is good to see New Zealand win. Lastly, for great sportsmen and women provincial level is where is all begins on their journey to greatness. Many great sportsmen have been recognised from sports in New Zealand. E. g. Brendon McCullum who plays cricket for Otago and New Zealand got a contract for US$900,000 by an Indian cricket club, the Kolkata Night Riders. McCullum is now one of the best Twenty/Twenty players in the world. Another example is Kirk Penny. Penny had a great season for the New Zealand Breakers basketball team. A European club, Madrid Fuenlabrada signed him and he is now making his mark in Spain. This is important as it helps world-class athletes from New Zealand be known to the rest of the world. In conclusion we see that professional sport in New Zealand has its downsides being that teams are going broke or defunct but many positives like our national teams doing well and New Zealand players being recognised worldwide. We can see there are many positives and negatives but most professional sports in New Zealand are strong and I believe New Zealand sport is great.

Human Biology Digestive and Urinary System Essay

Abstract The human body needs to maintain proper homeostasis to survive. There are several different organ systems in the human body. Two of those systems are the digestive system and the urinary system. Both systems remove waste from the body but in an entirely different way. They also maintain homeostasis within our blood stream. Both systems are critical for survival. This paper will describe how each of those systems works on its own and also how they work together to maintain homeostasis for the body.How the Urinary and Digestive Systems Work Together to Maintain Homeostasis The digestive system works to bring nutrients into the body with a series of hollow organs working together extending from the mouth to the anus. These hollow organs are the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus. These hollow organs make up the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The GI tract is aided by four accessory organs, the salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. Johnson) There are five basic processes of the digestive system. These processes are motility, secretion, digestion, absorption, and excretion. Motility is the mechanical processing and movement of food taken into the body. Chewing breaks food into smaller pieces, and two types of movement mix the contents of the lumen and propel it forward. The lumen is the inside lining of the GI tract. Secretion is the fluid, digestive enzymes, acid, alkali, bile, and mucus that are secreted into the GI tract at various places.Digestion is where the contents of the lumen are broken down mechanically and chemically into smaller and smaller particles, culminating in nutrient molecules. Absorption is what happens when the nutrient molecules pass across the GI tract and into the blood. Elimination is all of the undigested material is eliminated from the body through the anus. (Johnson) These GI tract and the four accessory organs of the digestive tract work together to complete the fiv e processes in order to bring nutrients into the body, and eliminate waste. The large intestine absorbs nutrients and eliminates waste.The small intestine absorbs nutrients and water. The water and nutrients absorbed from the intestines go into the blood stream . (Johnson) The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. The ureters, bladder, and urethra transport and store urine until it is eliminated from the body. The kidneys produce urine. Urine is the nitrogenous waste removed from the blood stream. It is essential to the body to remove this waste in order to maintain homeostasis. (Johnson) The kidneys perform all of the main functions in the urinary system.They regulate water levels in the body. When you take in water every day it is up to the kidneys to excrete the excess water or to conserve as much as possible. The kidneys have a great capacity to adjust water excretion as necessary. Normally with a minimum of a half liter per day to one liter per hour. (Johnson) The kidneys also regulate the nitrogenous waste and other solutes in our blood. One waste that is toxic to our cells is ammonia. Ammonia is detoxified quickly by the liver by being combined with carbon dioxide to create urea.Urea is the main waste product in urine. Sodium and chloride are both regulated by the kidneys as well. Sodium and chloride are both very important to determine the volume of extracellular fluids, like blood. This directly affects blood pressure. (Johnson) Other substances that the kidneys regulate are potassium, calcium, hydrogen, and creatinine. It is up to the kidneys to maintain homeostasis with each of these substances. Creatinine is a waste product that is produced during metabolism. This is one of the wastes that give urine a yellow color. Johnson) The digestive system removes nutrients and water from the food that we eat and drink and transports it to our blood stream. Any solid wastes that are unable to be digested are then eliminated fr om the GI tract. Our urinary system then removes any of the unwanted and unneeded substances and wastes from the blood stream and excretes them in urine. This is how homeostasis is maintained in our body with waste, so that there is no toxic build up in our body from certain substances. Homeostasis is critical to be maintained within the body for survival.Homeostasis is the body’s ability to maintain relatively stable internal conditions even though the outside world is continuously changing. (Marieb) All living things must maintain an internal environment compatible with life, and the range of chemical and physical conditions compatible with life is very narrow. (Johnson) In order for the digestive and urinary systems to work together to maintain homeostasis both systems must be functioning properly. First we consume food and water. Then our digestive system absorbs the nutrients and water into our blood stream.Once the nutrients and water is in our blood stream our urinary system the filters the blood and removes any additional waste and maintains the proper homeostasis with the nutrients we consume. If our digestive system is not functioning properly then we are not able to absorb the proper nutrients and fluids in order to allow our kidneys to filter our blood and maintain homeostasis. If our urinary system is not functioning properly than the nutrients and fluids we consume can cause a buildup in our blood stream of toxic wastes and fluids and throw off homeostasis.Either way it would be detrimental to our body for this to happen. Our blood pressure would be affected severely and this would cause issues with not only our cardiovascular system but also our respiratory system. It is critical to keep both systems healthy to ensure that our body’s have the proper water and nutrients to survive and that all waste is secreted from our systems. References Johnson, Michael D. Human Biology: Concepts and Current Issues-sixth edition. Pearson Educatio n. 2012. Print. Marieb, Elaine Nicpone. Essentials oh Human Anatomy and Physiology-tenth edition. Pearson Education. 2012. Print.

The Unpositives of the Dick and Carey Model Research Paper

The Unpositives of the Dick and Carey Model - Research Paper Example The method involves some disadvantages that hinder the effectiveness of the instruction process (Woolf & International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems, 2008). The methodology, when looked at closely, displays some suggestions. Firstly, the design involves the reduction model which disintegrates the components into simpler components. This implies that the teacher requires adopting a careful method of delivering the components to avoid losing track. Secondly, the tutor requires adopting the proper learning conditions. The wrong use of the conditioning learning can sometimes result in poor understanding from the pupils’ side. Thirdly, there appears the need for the application of an instructional system design: the system design requires adopting the system that facilitates instruction designing. Fourthly, the tutor requires implementing an extensively range of ideas including K12, business, administration, beginner, and expert (Woolf & International Conference on Int elligent Tutoring Systems, 2008). The model summarizes the methodology plan and development process. The authors view a system as, in principle, a combination of parts that rely on each other to facilitate the intended goal. The model acquired the name ‘system approach’ since it comprises components that relate to one another. The components have input and output. This means that a wrong input definitely results to a negative input. Dick and Carey view that the model uses the system approach with credible reasoning (Woolf & International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems, 2008). The systematic approach implies that the moment the teacher messes up the strategy, the whole procedure of learning ends up messed up. The results might imply that the teacher lost track of what the learner was required to learn. The components of the system though closely linked together might result into the wrong output since the input in the first place was wrong. The process involv ed in the system is practicable and can be replicated. The step that takes place in the ISD utilizes a set of procedures and techniques that the instructional designers require to adopt in planning, expanding, and assessing instructions (Woolf & International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems, 2008). The steps adopted include identification of the instructional goals; at this juncture, the instructor should identify the syllabus coverage as the course culminates. The goals require taking into consideration the needs considerations and the requirements of the learner. The instructors are required to identify the steps and sub-steps that will facilitate attainment of the goals by the learner. Instructional analysis scrutinizes the skills, know-hows, and attitudes that the learner’s exhibit and the ones they are supposed to hold prior to the instruction session. These skills can also be termed as the entry behaviors. The learner and the contexts that facilitate their le arning are scrutinized in parallel in the course of instruction analysis. The learners’ skills at the beginning of the instructions, preferences and attitudes become evident at this stage. The instruction situation where the new skills apply undergoes some analysis. The information attained at this stage becomes vital as it determines the strategy to be adopted in the course of the instruction

Managed Care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Managed Care - Essay Example emerged in this modern world and the employers in the present day context get involved in making as well as executing an effective plan with utmost focus on paying premiums. These premiums are paid by the workers in the form of deductibles, copayments as well as through contribution. It has been apparently recognized that this changed system of healthcare has transformed the investment pattern of the employees. In the year 2013, highest number of employees was recorded to be enrolling in the Preferred Provider Organization (PPO) plans. The same has been illustrated in the form of the following chart: Managed care has proved its dominance in providing â€Å"qualified health plans† with the aid of different health insurance organizations. Specially mentioning, there is a need to follow the rules that are provided under the Affordable Care Act. The ACA prescribed system of medical loss is noted to be limiting the percentage of premium revenue for enhancing its use for administration, marketing as well as attaining maximum profit. However, to increase the transparency within the system, more regulations are required to be incorporated by the respective government. To increase the competition within the domain of healthcare aid, there are various additional developments being initiated to incorporate within the domain of healthcare based operations. This competitive edge is being developed with the notion to enhance the control over the premium rate fluctuations (Shi & Singh, 2011). ACA visualizes that Consumer Operated and Oriented Plans (CO-OPs) will be developed based on finances received from the federal government. This type of plans is available in small numbers within the US Medicaid services. CO-OPs started operating as nonprofit making organizations following the developments such as the Health Maintenance Organization (HMO) and PPO. CO-OPs are even structured based on standard models of such organizations that have been already active within Medicaid

Project Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Project Management - Essay Example The trade show materials have to be shipped in time to reach before the trade show, the vendor/printed has to deliver in time so that they can be shipped in time. The timing for training the staff is vital as Pat will be away on vacation; travel arrangements are essential to avoid last minute complications as shows of this magnitude attract participants from all over the world. Not all, but many activities are dependent on the previous activity, which adds importance to adhering to time schedules. Hence, time management would involve defining and sequencing the activity, estimate the duration and the resources, and develop the schedule (ITPM, n.d.). The second most important knowledge area recognized by the PMBOK is the human resources management. Every knowledge area includes a planning area (ITPM). Most effective use of the people involved in the project has to be done. The first task is to identify the staff and assign roles, like Pat and Terry have been identified, taking into account their strengths and weaknesses. The project roles, responsibilities and reporting relationships have to be assigned (Duncan, n.d.). Staff acquisition is essential after which the team development needs to be executed. For any project to be a success teamwork is essential, hence acquiring, developing and managing the project team is essential. Effort and expertise of different individuals are necessary to execute the project effectively. Hence, this knowledge area also involves delegating, motivating, coaching and mentoring. The third most important knowledge area relevant to the trade show project is communication. This involves timely and effe ctive generation, dissemination, storage and disposition of the project information (Duncan). Since most activities are independent, communication at all levels gains importance. Everyone involved in the project must be prepared to receive and send communication in the language understood by all.Communication planning

Managing and Leading Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Managing and Leading Change - Essay Example There are a lot of Machiavelli’s perception on organizational change that is not acceptable to other philosophers such as Plamenatz and Wolker (1992).1 Personally, I do not agree to Machiavelli when he stated that â€Å"people are inherently unchanging and essentially similar† because of the fact that people are often likely to follow the rule of domino effect. Let me give you an example of my personal analysis. When a manager practice good leadership, it is more likely that he could convince his subordinates to support him/her in the implementation of change within the organization. On the other hand, a manager who does not have the qualities of a good leader is more likely to fail when it comes to motivating and convincing the rest of the employees to participate in the manager’s plan. In other words, it only takes a manager with good leadership skill to change the employees’ mentally with regards to organizational change. Machiavelli stated that â€Å"fraud and force are two of the most necessary components of effective government.†2 I do not agree that fraud and the practice of authoritative power is always the best solution when it comes to implementing organizational change. Fraud alone is considered as an unethical business practice. On the other hand, the practice of authoritative power is not always the best solution when it comes to implementing change since it will only cause more employees to disrespect and will remain disloyal to the manager. According to Dessler (2001), leaders with a competent leadership skill are individuals who are capable of inspiring another person who often times have the â€Å"drive to achieve their goals; the desire to lead; self-confidence; cognitive ability; honesty and integrity; as well as having sufficient knowledge in doing business.†3 Machiavelli’s approach to organizational

The life of an international student Research Paper

The life of an international student - Research Paper Example The basic reason as to why most people become international students is that the education standards in their home countries do not meet their needs. As a result, these students opt to learn in other countries whose education matches their expectations. However, in most cases, it is not easy to settle down in a foreign country as an international student. For some, the change is too overwhelming and they may opt to go back home, while others persevere and work towards achieving their goals and dreams. Luckily, some countries like the United States and Canada have programs in their universities and colleges that help international students cope with the new life. The life of an international student The transformation that an international student undergoes once they move to a foreign country cannot be understated. In most cases, being an international student means leaving your family and friends behind and adjusting to a completely new lifestyle. One is forced to learn a new languag e, learn the culture of the people, adjust to their schooling system and basically learn how to live in a new country. Before getting used to these changes, most international students feel like aliens, thus preferring to keep to themselves as they assess the people around them. With time, however, they start looking for other international student from their home countries so that the latter can help them adjust. ... Differences between the United States and the Saudi Arabian systems of education One of the challenges that international students face is the difference in education systems between their home countries and their host countries. For example, the education system of the United States differs from that of Saudi Arabia in a number of ways. One of the differences, for example, is in regard to the conduct of students in class. At the beginning, I was always the quite type in class because that is the culture of Saudi Arabian classrooms. The students in Saudi Arabian classes do not speak much but in America classrooms, the story is different as students are very opinionated. They also challenge the teachers directly in case they do not agree with what the teacher says. In addition, whereas Saudi Arabians are very disciplined in class, in terms of modes of dressing and behavior, American students have a lot of freedom. For example, students come to class in casual clothes and some even tak e snacks and sleep in class. Additionally, being from Saudi Arabia, I was accustomed to official dressing while attending class, and a lot of discipline during sessions. I, therefore, always felt odd when I went to class dressed formally and almost everyone else was in casual wear. Although I have tried to adapt to the American classroom culture, is still find myself being formal in dressing as I attend class and reserving some of my opinions during lectures. In addition to the classroom setting, I was also confused at the beginning because the American system seems to place so much emphasis on education and leaves little space for socialization. Here in the United States, one is expected to either be in class, in a study group, doing research, or participating in

Porter's Five Forces Strategy Analysis as it applies to the Auto Essay

Porter's Five Forces Strategy Analysis as it applies to the Auto Industry - Essay Example For international organizations, decisions have to be made on whether the strategies would be the same for every country it competes with as well as giving managers the mandate to choose their own strategies. Functional strategies for particular operations derived from business level strategies include marketing, accounting and finance. An automotive industry manufactures, designs, develops, markets and sell motor vehicles and is considered the world’s most significant economic sector in terms of revenue generation. The American automobile industry is the only industry that has never changed for years since its inception. Businesses begin, grow, develop, and end just like human beings. Some do not complete their life cycle as a result of their interruptions. They undergo a myriad of challenges that make them eventually die. Contrary to a human being, a business can change its methods of operation to more efficient mechanisms for improvement. From this view, the American automo bile industry has raised the question of whether it will be able to adapt or it will end from its stagnating condition. Before establishing an organization’s business-level strategy, it must discern the determining factors of profit maximization of an industry. The tool of analyzing these factors is what is known as Porter’s Five Forces Model. ... Introduction to the Auto Industry As defined earlier, an automotive industry manufactures, markets, designs, develops and sells motor vehicles. It does not include industries attached to automobiles after delivery to the client such as fuel stations, electronics and repair shops. An automobile industry involves producing and selling individual powered vehicles such as trucks, passenger cars, farm equipment and other commercial vehicles. The auto industry has facilitated the growth of infrastructure for long distance commuters, entertainment and shopping, growth of market centers, increased urbanization and industrialization (Burgess, 1980). The industry is also one of the key employers thus contributing to economic growth. Until 2005, the US dominated the world in production of automobile. Majority of the auto dealers in the US were blacksmith and carriage shops. Progress was soon developed when the car replaced the horse and buggy. Blacksmith shops were everywhere in the market cent ers and played the role of serving customers at a great deal. The inventors of automobile industries were engineers like Henry Leland and Henry Ford. Blacksmith shops were service oriented whereas carriage shops required time to time management together with the horses that drew them. Since their goal was to provide exceptional satisfaction to the customers needs, they slowly became auto dealers of servicing their customer’s vehicles. They were able to compete with service stations such as Jiffy Lube, Midas, and Meineke among others. From that time the number of dealers began to increase giving rise to many franchised automobile dealers. This trend went down from 1950 until 2007 (Tuman 19). 3.1 Industry definition The first fifty years saw the industry

Fashion Promotion of Dior JAdore Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Fashion Promotion of Dior JAdore - Essay Example The essay "Fashion Promotion of Dior J’Adore" discovers the Promotion of Dior J’Adore. Francis Demachy enjoyed a very good repute since his past experience was with another luxury brand, Chanel, and was responsible for managing the in-house creation of the perfumes. There is a long history associated with the creation of J’Adore , where the founder of the Dior, Christian Dior always expressed his passion towards the flowers and wanted to incorporate the fragrance of the flowers in a bottle so that the scent was at the disposal of the users. This is known as one of the most feminine scents of the modern world were the glamorous fragrance of the perfume has not only made it incredibly popular in the market of the luxury goods but at the same time the popularity of the perfume had enabled the House of Dior to even introduced the several variants which have different concentrations. The scent of the J’Adore is gleaming, brilliant and luminous and thanks to the shimmery texture of the perfume, that when it is applied it leaves golden scent shimmers on the skins of the users which look very much like the sunbeams. J’Adore is regarded as one of the most incredible female brands and it depicts a feminine and delicate touch which is in line with the style which has been adopted by Dior. It is sweet but bamy at the same time, which a very sharp floral with an addition of the fresh mandarin , jasmine, plum and roses and musky scent to it at the same time. The brand identity which has been established with J’Adore.... It is sweet but bamy at the same time, which a very sharp floral with an addition of the fresh mandarin , jasmine, plum and roses and musky scent to it at the same time. Overview of the Brand Identity The brand identity which has been established with J’Adore is that there is touch of sophistication and glamour attached with it, giving the user a very lush , high quality experience. It uses a brand enforcing strategy where a class division has been added by enforcing the superiority in the product. The conventional and the traditional approach which had previously been adopted by the luxury products has been rejected by J’Adore and denounces the materialistic view, which not only gives the brand a strong brand identity but at the same time has been able to give J’Adore a competitive edge as well. It very clearly states in the advertisements and the marketing strategies that the gold , expensive cars , jewellery do not play any role in making you stand out from th e crowd, but instead it is your unique fragrance that plays a part in helping you stand out. Brand has projected its tag line stating : ‘wear J’adore and you can regain your sense of humanity.’ (When The World Whispers†¦Shout | Corporate Brand Management) â€Å"Gold is cold. Diamonds are dead. A limousine is a car. Don’t pretend. Feel what’s real† is the line which has been used in many of the advertisements of the perfume, which adheres to the view point, stated above. â€Å"(When The World Whispers†¦Shout | Corporate Brand Management) The uniqueness of the perfume can be displayed in the bottle which is in the shape of a Greek Amphora which exhibits

Magement and Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Magement and Leadership - Essay Example Gerald Storch, Target's vice chairman, explained that â€Å"the company had faced three strategic choices to tackle the increased competition in the retail market: to specialize, to become the low-cost producer, or to differentiate Target chose the third option and decided to reposition itself as a mass merchandiser of affordable chic goods† (Barwise & Meehan 2004). For Target, this means that prices are not lower than competitors such as Wal-Mart. It has been said to outperform other discount retailers in store cleanliness, environment and shorter check-out lines. While this may not be important to all customers, it means something to the market segment Target is after. This segment is younger, better educated and more affluent, according to Storch. Affordable ‘chic’ products line the shelves, while the retailer repositiond itself as a more upscale discount store. The trendy goods Target now offers require reorganization of merchandising and supply chains. As the top decision makers develop the strategy, it must be sold to managers of the various departments. In turn, those managers must be able to convey the image to regional and local managers, who actually oversee the day to day operations of stores. Though decisions such as the one Gerald Storch explained are corporate management decisions, repositioning also requires leadership. In order to convey the vision or concept of the new branding strategy, executives like Mr. Storch need to thoroughly explain and show managers the new direction Target has taken.

Romeo & Juliet Essay Example for Free

Romeo Juliet Essay Introduction William Shakespeare was born in Stratford-upon-Avon in Warwickshire and was baptised there on 26th April 1564. John Shakespeare, William Shakespeares father seems to have been reasonably wealthy at the time of William Shakespeares birth. It seems likely from his fathers high and respectable position that William Shakespeare was educated at the Stratford grammar school. He did not, however, go to university and so did not have the kind of education which many playwrights experienced. In 1582, when William Shakespeare was eighteen, he married Anne Hathaway. The couple had three children, Susanna born shortly after their marriage, and the twins Judith and Hamnet born in 1585. We cannot be sure of the time that Shakespeare moved to London, it is thought that he moved in 1585 when a group of playwrights visited Stratford and performed their play there, this may have been the time of when he moved. We do know that he was living in London in 1592, by this time he was already known as a dramatist and actor. Even at this early stage he had become popular because, in 1592 Shakespeare was criticised in a pamphlet by a less successful writer Robert Greene, who wrote that a new and largely uneducated dramatist (Shakespeare) was taking over the position, which rightly belonged to university men. In 1596 Shakespeares son Hamnet died, apart from this grief there was also achievement, John and William Shakespeare (father and son) were granted a coat of arms which means their status as gentlemen was recognised by the college of Heralds. In 1597 Shakespeare bought a New place, one of the largest houses in Stratford. In 1599 he bought shares in the Globe Theatre and in 1609 he became part owner of the newly built Black friars theatre. In this year also he published a collection of sonnets. William Shakespeare retired to New place in 1611. It is thought that he did not break all his business contacts with London. He died in Stratford on 23rd April 1616 at the age of fifty-two. THE ELIZABETHAN THEATRE Drama became increasingly secularised during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries and plays ceased to be performed in or near a church. Instead, they were often staged in the courtyard of an inn. A performance in a courtyard such as this had many advantages. There were many doors that could be used for exits and entrances, balconies that could represent battlements or towers and, best of all, perhaps, there were usually guests in the inns who appreciated the entertainment. In 1576 the first theatre was built in London, it was built accordingly to the design of Elizabethan courtyards. Galleries and boxes around the walls of the theatre were where the rich people sat and, like the courtyard of an inn, it had no roof and so performances had to be cancelled if the weather was bad. The 1576 theatre and those built subsequently differed from the courtyard. They contained a large stage often called an apron because of its shape- which jutted out from one wall into the auditorium. The poorer members of the audience were called groundlings and stood around the stage throughout the performance. The large apron stage was not curtained from the audience and there was no scenery on it. Indications of where the scene occurred were built into the words of the play. Very rich costumes and music also compensated for the lack of scenery. It seems likely that plays went on from beginning to end without interval, thought the end of a serious scene was often indicated by the use of rhyming couplets. Examples of this can be found in plays such as Twelfth night, for instance, scenes 1,2,4, and 5 are all end rhymed. This is also found in the play Romeo and Juliet for example, the end of act two scene two, Romeo. Sleep dwell upon thine eyes, peace in thy thy breast. Would I were sleep and peace so sweet to rest. The grey eyd morn smiles on the frowning night, Chequering the eastern clouds with streaks of light; And darkness fleckled like a drunkard reels. From forth days pathway, made by titans wheels. Hence will I to my ghostly sires close cell, His help to crave and my dear hap to hell. In Shakespeares time women were not allowed to perform on the stage, and so female roles were played by boys. This fact helps to explain why so many of Shakespeares heroines disguise themselves as young men. It was easier for a boy to act like a young man than to act like a young woman. ELIZABETHAN ENGLISH Every language changes. Differences in pronunciation and in linguistic preferences are often apparent even in the speech of a father and his son, so it is not surprising that the language of Shakespeares plays should be markedly different from the English we use today. In the sixteenth century the English language was only beginning to be used by creative writers, previously Latin and French had been considered. This is because the English language had not been fully developed and was harder to use. Adjectives, nouns and verbs were less rigidly confined to their specific classes in Shakespeares day. Adjectives were often used as adverbs. Nouns were often used as verbs. And verbs were often on occasions used as noun. Words changed their meanings as time passes, and so many words used by Shakespeare have different values today. This explains the language used in the plays during the 18th periods. Directing Act II scene II Romeo and Juliet is a play written by William Shakespeare (1564-1616). The play is a tragedy set in the fictional city of Verona. The Principality of Verona is ruled by Escalus. The story is based around two feuding families of Montague and Capulet. The leading characters are Romeo, a Montague and Juliet, a Capulet. At the beginning of the play Romeo is persuaded by his friends Benvolio and Mercutio to attend (uninvited) a feast held by the Capulets. Here Romeo hopes to see his beloved Rosaline, who we do not hear any more about. While at the feast Romeo catches a glimpse of Juliet. Their eyes meet and instantly they fall in love (Romeo completely forgets the reason why he attended, Rosaline). The balcony scene occurs early on in the play in act two. Romeo soon leaves the feast but his mind is still full of thoughts of Juliet, Romeo climbs over the wall and into her garden. Juliet cannot sleep and appears at the balcony . At this point they both declare their love for each other and exchange vows. They decide there and then that they will get married in secret the next day. The balcony scene is a crucial part of the play; it is the pivot point of the storyline and the interactions of the individual characters. In this scene Romeo and Juliet profess their love for each other and their intention to get married secretly, even though their two families would strongly disapprove. The leading characters attitude towards each other is completely changed as they disregard their families on going feud. Juliet says that it is Romeo she is in love with and he is the same Romeo even though he is a Montague. I will be directing act II, scene II, of Romeo and Juliet, I have made the choice of directing the scene as a film. The reason for me choosing this scene is because it is the pivotal point of the play and also the most interesting and recognised scene from William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet. The actor that I think would best fit the role of Romeo would be Freddie prince junior. The reason for me choosing him is due to him recently acting in allot of romantic films and also due to him being admired by all his female viewers. Michelle Pfeiffer has been picked by me to play the role of Juliet. I have made this choice because she has also played the part of a romantic young teenager in many films. She is also recognised as one of the most famous and attractive actors in the Hollywood film industry. The pivotal point of the play comes in act II, scene II, when Romeo and Juliet declare their love for each other on the balcony. It is the most recognised scene of the playas it is here that that the two characters decide that they shall marry, despite the knowledge of their parents disapproval. Although some readers may believe that Romeo and Juliet rush into their marriage, it proves that their love is intense. It also helps with the overall understanding of the characters as the play is set in the hot Italian city of Verona, taking the stereotypical view of Italian men and women; as romantic impulsive lovers. The play also demonstrates this trait by Romeos infatuation with Rosaline, which appears to disappear once he spots Juliet. This impulsive behaviour is a stereotype of Italian men.

Waste, crowd and pollution management

Waste, crowd and pollution management 7.3 Site Management Strategies The Marina Barrage has many site management strategic plans in place, which include but are not limited to waste, crowd and pollution management. As Marina Barrage is an environmentally sustainable place, the management seeks to maintain its pristine image of sustainability. 7.3.1 Waste Management Waste management generally involves the collection, removal, processing, and disposal of materials considered as waste, which can be solid, gaseous, liquid, or even hazardous and are generally generated through human activity (Ekvall et. al., 2007). Proper waste management is important as it can cause many health, safety and even economic issues if not managed well (Giusti, 2009). Improper waste management is crucial to Marina Barrage as its image rides on its greenery. Its waste management policies ensure that the Marina Barrage is kept litter free as much as possible. This is done through the placement of litterbins strategically throughout the Marina Barrage. However, through observation, the team recommends that the number of litterbins should be increased to accommodate the large crowd numbers on the weekends. On weekends where the crowd numbers are significantly higher than on weekdays, rubbish bins tend to overflow due to the unavailability of sufficient bins along high volume areas such as the green roof. This would ensure that waste pollution is kept to a minimum and that its image as a sustainable and green destination is maintained (Kumar, 2014). 7.3.2 Crowd Management Crowd management must take into account all the elements of an event especially the type of event (circus, sporting, theatrical, concert, rally, parade, etc.), characteristics of the facility, size and demeanour of the crowd, methods of entrance, communications, crowd control, and queueing. As in all management, it must include planning, organizing, staffing, directing and evaluating. Particularly critical to crowd management is defining the roles of parties involved in an event, the quality of the advance intelligence, and the effectiveness of the planning process (Tubbs Meacham, 2007). For Marina Barrage, crowd management is vital as it provides a safe and organized setting for visitors. The Marina Barrage has excellent existing crowd management measures in place. The Marina Barrage would hardly be classified as an overcrowded destination on a day-to-day basis with the exception of days with events or festivals. Even so, event and festival organisers are monitored to ensure that t he crowd management does not go out of hand (PUB Occupation License, 2015). The team recommends that these measures should be maintained and perhaps upgraded through crowd management software with crowd forecast plans implemented. This ensures that crowd numbers are monitored well and overcrowding is prevented. 7.3.3 Safety Guidelines Safety Guidelines are regulations or rules that are put in place to ensure a product, event, etc., is safe and not dangerous (Vimlati et. Al., 2009). The Marina Barrage has many safety guidelines in place and most of which places public safety and wellbeing as its number one priority. Its safety guidelines include code of conducts for water activities, safety permits for both events and boat hoisting (Code of Conduct, 2015). Such practices help to prevent any safety infringements from happening and in turn could hurt visitors to the Marina Barrage. Safety and security are vital to provide a high quality tourism policy. In fact, the success or failure of a tourism destination depends largely on its capacity to provide visitors with a safe and secure environment (Tubbs Meacham, 2007). Besides physical safety aspects, the team recommends that the Marina Barrage should continue to ensure the social security of the destination. This should be relatively easy as Singapore is classified as one of the top five safe cities in the world (Bertrand, 2015). It will help build Marina Barrage and Singapore’s image as safe destinations to visit. Health safety aspects are also recommended to be looked at by the management. The annual haze Singapore faces could be a point to start from. In 2013, PSI levels reached dangerous levels of above 400 (Vaswani, 2013). The marina barrage could ensure public health and safety through measures such as advising the public to remain within the indoor sections such as the sustainable gallery. This could have a dual effect of ensuring public safety and public awareness of the gallery’s existence. 7.3.4 Accessibility and Infrastructure Public accessibility heavily influences tourists’ willingness to visit a tourism destination (Schofield et.al, 2010). Public accessibility via public transport such as MRT and bus services are available. However, due to the location of Marina Barrage, these services remain rather limited. For example the nearest MRT Station as of March 2015 is Bayfront MRT which is a 20 mins walk away and there is only one bus service ferrying visitors to the Marina Barrage. However, private vehicle access is truly excellent. The team recommends that upon completion of the Gardens by the Bay station along the Thomson-East Coast Line, sheltered walkways should be built between the MRT station and the Marina Barrage. Sheltered walkways should also be constructed between the existing bus stop located outside the Marina Barrage and the barrage itself along with bicycle rental kiosks to reduce the carbon footprint around the vicinity. Shuttle buses could also be implemented between nearby hotels ar ound the Marina area such as Marina Bay Sands Marina Mandarin to attract higher tourist numbers and raise the awareness of such an tourism destination. More public bus services can be proposed to the relevant government authorities or at the very least increase the frequency of the current service to cater to the needs of the public. This would help the Marina Barrage in its accessibility issues over the long run. Where visitor infrastructure within Marina Barrage is concerned, the overall review remains excellent. Detailed considerations have gone into the planning of the infrastructure of the place. The marina barrage is significantly wheelchair friendly though improvements can be made to make the sustainably gallery a little more wheelchair accessible as accessibility is a human right and basic need of people and should be a fundamental consideration during planning of urban destinations (Evcil, 2009). The team recommends to further enhance the Marina Barrage to make is complete ly barrier free to wheelchair bound visitors to enhance visitor experience and satisfaction. 7.3.5 Environmental Protection Environmental protectionis a practice of protectingthe naturalenvironmenton individual, organizational or governmental levels, for the benefit of both the natural environmentand humans (Heink Kowarik, 2010). As the marina barrage is touted as one of the greenest destinations in Singapore, its need for environmental sustainability and protection is high. Environmental protection is of outmost importance as it involves the protection of the natural environment on various governmental levels right up to individuals and can results in benefits for both people and the environment (Gonzalez, 2014). Green principles were thought through thoroughly during construction and operation of the barrage. Thus, the marina barrage reduces its electricity consumption and waste pollution significantly. The team recommends that the Marina Barrage apply more energy conservation measures to enhance its image as a sustainable green destination. This can be done by increasing its aircon temperature to 25 d egrees Celsius, adding more solar panels to its roof and perhaps and inclusion of an electricity generating water turbine in its outlet pumps. The additional solar panels can not only help to power the Marina Barrage but could be transported to the Marina Vicinity. This would reduce carbon footprint as well as greenhouse gas emissions in Singapore and increase its self-sustainability to run on green and clean energy generated through its day to day operations (Schulz, 2010).

Pollen and Stigma Interaction in Plants

Pollen and Stigma Interaction in Plants Introduction Cells of multicellular organisms must communicate not only for development to occur after fertilization but also for successful survival and reproduction of the offspring. There are different forms of signals that cells can received and the signal being received is either from another cell or from change in the environment surrounding the cell. Communication between cells is therefore either chemical or environmental driven where plants usually use chemicals for signaling. Pollination and then fertilization process of flowering plants involves complex events with highly regulated cell-cell interactions and signaling between the pollen and the pistil. The success depends on series of events such as delivery of pollen to a stigma, pollen hydration, germination, growth through the pistil to the ovary, and, finally, fertilization [10, 11]. In a compatible pollination, pollen grains that have arrived on the stigmatic surface will easily undergo the three initial steps: adhesion, hydration and germination to the stigmatic cells form pollen tubes. The actively growing pollen tubes are often capable of penetrating the stigmatic cell walls to grow down through the style and finally reach the ovary to deliver sperm for fertilization. In self-incompatible pollination, these steps may be blocked having recognized as pollen from related plant source. In doing so out-crossing is favored between unrelated individual plants there by inbreeding related problems like in breeding depression minimized. Therefore, understanding of pollen to stigma compatibility and self incompatibility is fundamental for pollination and fertilization in plants in general and for plant breeding in particular. To this end, the mechanism of pollen to stigma interaction which determines compatibility or self incompatibility is reviewed. Compatibility and Self incompatibility The first artificial pollination date back to third century though not recognized by scientists until 1682 when stamens of the flower as the male organ and the pollen as necessary for fruit production are known in science [9]. Later in 1824, an Italian scientist observed that pollen tube on stigma and he later anticipated that the pollen tube carried the sperm cells to the ovule for fertilization. After 17th century, the maternal involvement in embryology became clear and several basic researches have been undergoing in the last three decades which contributed a lot to science in the area of pollination and fertilization. Commonly, pollen and stigma from distant species are not compatible while there is 30 to 50 % of flowering plant showed self incompatibility [19]. In a compatible pollen-pistil interaction, all steps from pollen capture and adhesion to the final entry of the pollen tube into the ovule and discharge of the pollen grain is complete, resulting in double fertilization to form zygote and endosperm. Self incompatibility occurs when pollen tube dies if at all germinates on stigma of the same plant while pollen of the same species from different plant can germinate and produce functional pollen tube on stigma [2]. The self pollen rejection response can occur at any stage between pollen contact to stigma and pollen tube growth in the stigma which results no ovule fertilization and embryo development. This phenomenon enabled todays flowering plant to exist successfully in different environment. Genetically, such self incompatibility is classified as gametophytic and sporophytic [7, 10, 11]. Gametophytic self incompatibility is common in binucleate pollen which is characteristics of wet stigma whereas sporophytic self incompatibility is the case of trinucleat pollen and it is characteristics of dry stigma [1]. Nonetheless, examples of exceptions for this correlation are grasses with dry stigma and three nuclei exhibiting gametophytic; hetromorphic self incompatibility in some species which is rare in occurrence arises due to two or three flower morphs exist in population. Among these three, gametophytic is more common although detail study at molecular level is yet to be made. It is agreed that the stigma type and micro-ecology are influential to the nature of stigma-pollen interaction rather than the type of self incompatibility [6]. It is also reported that gametophytic self incompatibility occur when incompatible pollen tube is in side of style whereas sporophytic occur m ost of the time before a pollen tube penetrate the stigma [6]. Again exception is due to poppy and grasses in which gametophytic and stigmatic inhibition of incompatible pollen occur. Stigma structure Stigma in general is classified as dry and wet type which is correlated with pollen structure. Species with dry stigma possess pollen having three nuclei while those with wet stigma are with two nuclei pollen [6]. The surface cell of wet type releases secretion with proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, and pigment while the dry stigma type is with intact surface cells covered by cell wall, a waxy cuticle, and a proteinaceous pellicle [3]. The secretion is primarily lipidic or aqueous and carbohydrate-rich. Both secretions contain a wide range of protein and found to be available on stigma in later development internal from the reservoirs and vesicular activity at the stigma epidermis. In dry stigma where there is no stigmatic secretion, initial adhesion of pollen to stigma depends on the pollen wall. Tryphine, lipid-rich pollen coating, is found to be important in adhesion to the dry stigma. Stigma-pollen specificity The fate of pollen grain on stigma depends on the type of stigma (wet or dry) on which pollen lands. The very first step of pollination, adhesion of pollen on stigma, occurs on wet stigma fully with out discrimination because the availability of liquid surface is the only requirement. The surface of such stigma is with carbohydrate and lipid rich secretions that hydrate pollen none selectively as a result of this, the incompatible pollen is prevented at later stage of development. However, adhesion of pollen to dry surface stigma type is species specific in the way that only pollen from specific species is allowed to adhere and get hydration. Pollen type unrecognized by stigma is not allowed to deplete the female tissue resource for further development. Self incompatible specificity determinants were identified both in pollen and stigma. To pollen side, the gene called SP11/SCR (S-LOCUS CYSTEINE-RICH) is responsible for specificity which is completely expressed during pollen developm ent and understood to encode cysteine-rich protein. The stigmatic s-locus linked molecule which is self incompatible determinant is called S-locus receptor Kinase (SRK) [18]. This female determinant of self incompatible is located in plasma membrane. Another determinant which does not directly affects specificity is S-locus glycoprotein. This soluble protein located in the cell wall only contributes to increase the strength of self incompatibility phenotype. This first step of pollination is divided in to Pollen capture, pollen stigma cross linking and pollen hydration. Pollen capture requires nothing than exine wall and it is free from lipids and proteins [21]. In the cross linking phase lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins from each side (stigma and pollen) mix to generate the adhesive forces. In the pollen hydration stage pollen receive the nutrients and liquid required to activate metabolism and initiate pollen tube elongation. In contrast to flowers with wet stigma where pollen grains are surrounded by stigmatic exudates flowing easily into pollen grains, fluid movement in dry stigma is not passive and usually depends on the conversion of pollen coat at the point of stigma contact. Hence, for successful pollen capture, diffusion of extracellular pollen coat along the stigma cells and then pollen hydration, pollen-stigma signaling is required. Pollen-stigma signaling Communication of plant cells are either molecules or physical (environmental) that one cell sensing on the neighboring cell may affected in different ways such as inhibiting the cells growth. There are different classes of molecules that are involved in signaling. These molecules are located either in the extracellular surface or within the underlying cell walls. The signal molecules can be ions or metabolites one cell supplies for another; can be hormones or they can be cell wall bound macromolecules. The source of these molecules is both from stigma and pollen grain. Pollen grains consists the inner layer cell wall called intine and the outer network cell wall called exine. The inner pollen cell wall is mainly cellulose while the outer pollen cell wall is rich in sporopollenin, a highly stable, mixed polymer containing long-chain fatty acids and phenolics [21]. Factors affecting adhesion of pollen to stigma is not known; however it was indicated that adhesion in Arabidopsis is exine dependant more than pollen coat [14, 15, 20]. Lipids, as medium of water up take in pollen hydration, is provided by the stigma and pollen coat. In some species where stigma exudate is mainly aqueous, the significance of lipids for pollen-stigma interaction is not determined but lipids are present in the pollen kit which still indicates the importance of lipids. In addition to lipid, glycine rich protein from pollen coat plays role in pollen hydration. Next to hydration is germination in which the pollen tube grows into the cell wall of the papillae toward the transmitting tissue. Germination is mainly regulated by Rop, a member of GTPase large family of hydrolase enzymes that can bind and hydrolyze guanosine triphosphate [10]. Research finding in Arabidopsis indicated that Rop1 over expression in wild type helps in pollen germination while rop1 mutant inhibits pollen germination [8]. Germination on the stigma means pollen tubes initiated in an Extra Cellular matrix (ECM) that is usually a combination of both pollen coat secretions and stigmatic exudates. In stigma type of Solanaceae, stigmatic lipids are found to be essential for pollen tube growth toward the style by creating a gradient of water. In other stigma type like that of lily, pollen tubes must be guided in the style. It was indicated that peptide stigmatic secretion of lily is involved in pollen tube guidance in the style [10]. Fertilization next to pollination is achieved after the tight control mechanisms operation that restricts mating of inter and intra species. As described above, fertilization in flowering plants needs to be in a well cellular coordination so that the sperm cells which are devoid of flagella go through flower tissues towards the ovules. The internal signaling networks regulating pollen tube growth and development in flowering plants is highly conserved. However, no pollen-stigma signaling pathway reported so far that is common between species with wet and dry stigmas. Even with in these two broad divisions, there appeared to be differences in the ways that pollen and stigma interact to create compatibility. However, regardless of the type of stigma, pollen-stigma interactions in general requires lipid at the pollen-stigma interface, water as initial directional cue for pollen tube growth , and small cysteine-rich proteins are involved. Molecular basis of self incompatibility As described above self incompatibility is the means of preventing inbreeding and a tool for species diversity. Self-incompatibility is genetically controlled which depends on a number of complex cellular interactions between the self-incompatible pollen and stigma. The way Self-incompatibility works in rejecting self incompatible pollen varies greatly from species to species. The self-incompatibility system in some plants is morphological in which flowering plants produce distinct flowers in such a way that the positions of the reproductive organs within a flower create an extra barrier in addition to the existing barrier within species [2]. In some species, the system is caused by the phenotype of the pollen not morphological character of the flower. The self incompatibility in flowers of the same morphological character is genetically controlled by S-locus and as mentioned earlier, classified as gametophytic and sporophytic. In the gametophytic systems, the self-incompatibility phenotype of the pollen is determined by is determined by its own haploid genotype where the developing pollen synthesizes its own pollen S product, whereas in sporophytic self-incompatibility systems, the self-incompatible behavior of the pollen is determined by the parental genotype. Brassicaceae from mustard family is an example of Sporophytic type of self incompatibility. The important gene product called serinethreonine kinase (SRK) interact with peptid ligand cysteine-rich protein (SCR) which creates signals that lead to rejection of self pollen [10]. Molecular mechanisms are unknown but it was indicated that ARC1, a novel U-box protein that binds to the SRK kinase domain, found to be effector for SRK [16, 17]. It was indicated that a component of hetro-oligomeric protien complex, Exo70A1, interacts with ARC1 which determines the fate of pollen up on arrival on stigma. In transgenic Brassica and Arabidopsis thaliana, the loss of Exo70A1 resulted rejection of pollen by stigma which were compatible in non transgenic [13]. Gametophytic self incompatibility is widespread system of self incompatibility. The system in Papaveraceae (poppy family) is and the Solanaceae (tobacco family) are examples of gametophytic self incompatibility. In poppy, small S-proteins secr eted by the stigma interact with the S-gene product in the pollen tube, causing the capture of incompatible pollen. Growing pollen tubes are known to have high concentration of Ca+2. This concentration is rapidly decreased in self incompatible pollen indicating the origin the first arrest of pollen tube [4]. The self incompatibility in Solanaceae is that the protein from S-gene is ribonucleases inhibitor that recognizes and inhibits S- ribonucleases in incompatible pollen. Conclusion For successful pollination and fertilization, pollen grain should travels all the way to ovule in which pistil acts as both facilitator and barrier. It facilitates by providing guidance and nutrients but it also creates barrier that rejects incompatible pollen. This biological function is highly regulated involving several gene products. Flowering plants are the most successful on earth in terms of the number of species and level of diversity of forms and ecological niches. Due to the fact that compatibility and self incompatibility system is the base for genetic variability and species boundary maintenance, studies in advanced level need to be continued. Studies at molecular level that address determinants of pollination and fertilization will contributor in understanding the basis of species barriers that maintain the enormous diversity seen in flowering plants.

Biracially Raised Children Essay -- Research Papers Ethnicity Race Pap

Biracially Raised Children According to 2000 U.S. census, 2.4 % of the US population which report themselves as people who have two or more races. (United States). The number of interracial couples has reached to 1.6 million, which account for almost 4 % of U.S. marriages. ( Fletcher, par. 3 ). In a melting pot country like the United States, where immigration and emigration rates are high, inter-cultural marriage has become an inevitable by- product of mobility. Interracial marriage refers to a marriage which consists of couples with two different racial backgrounds. For example, a Chinese women married to an American. While the intermarried couples have to adapt their racial differences, their cultural background would assert a significant influence on the development of their offspring. In addition, society has also held different views on them. Children raised in a interracial family are often believed to encounter problems like a feelings of alienation, a sense of low-esteem, loss of self- identity, cultu re and tradition, which may cause personality disorders and affect the child’s social behaviors. However, there are also positive assumptions about biracial children like better language ability and higher adaptability to the society. In my research paper, I will look into how intermarriage influences the development of a child and evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of a child raised in a family with different racial backgrounds. Identity is a fundamental question that intrudes in biracial children’s minds. Since a biracial child usually inherits some traits from the maternal side and some from the paternal side, a biracial child is an amalgam of both races. Therefore, a seemingly simple question, â€Å"Who are you... ...nded Academic ASAP. Middlebury College Library, 1 Nov. 2004, Romano, Dugan. Intercultural Marriage : Promises & Pitfall. 2nd ed. Yarmouth, ME : Intercultural Press,1997. Root, Maria P. P. Love's Revolution : Interracial Marriage. Philadelphia, PA: Temple UP, 2001 Rose, Caroline. â€Å"Potential Role Conflicts in Black-White Marriages.† Interracial marriage: Expectation and Realities. Ed. Stuart, Edwin. New York: Grossman Publishers, 1973. Rosenblatt, Terris Karis, and Richard Powell. Multiracial Couples : Black & White Voices. London, UK: Sage Publications, 1995. Sung, Betty Lee. Chinese American Intermarriage. New York: Center for Migration Studies, 1990. United States, Bereau of the Census, â€Å"Source U.S. Census Bureau: State and County QuickFacts. Data derived from Population Estimates, 2000 Census of Population and Housing.†, 9 July 2004, 5 Nov.,2004,

The USSR’s Ill Fated Military Intervention in Afghanistan Essay

The USSR’s Ill Fated Military Intervention in Afghanistan In the Fall of1994 the Bulletin of the The Cold War International History Project mentions in an article, †Despite the declassification of numerous high-level Soviet documents the precise reasons behind the USSR’s massive, ill fated military intervention in Afghanistan in December 1979 remain murky†. Reading these documents it becomes obvious that intervention was the result of a long and sometimes bitter struggle within the politburo mostly in Chernenko’s handwriting. Six days earlier, the Politburo had approved sending a 500 man â€Å"Spetnaz†(military intelligence special unit) force to Afghanistan and now the Politburo subgroup of Andropov, Ustinov, and Gromyko, (Ponomarev was absent) together with Chernenko, obtained Breshshenev’s sighed consent to implement the agreed-upon measures leading to the deployment of 50-75,000 Soviet troops in Afghanistan later that month, and using the (Spetnaz) force mentioned above to the killing of Amin and his replacement by Karmel as Afghan leader and head of PDPA,† The Soviet Documents do contain a number of complaints while failing to say, â€Å"this is the last straw, let’s invade.† One of the first of these is the Poliburo’s nervousness at the increasing conservative Islamic activity in the country coupled with activity in Iran whom they suspected of sending missionaries to Afghanistan dressed as natives. They also find the PDPA guilty of ‘draconian’ measures and miscalculations and mistakes.’ One of the first signs of major trouble on the horizon was a revolt in Herat in which many of the government troops joined with the rebels. Afghanistan (Taraki) asked for help to squash the situation but this help was denied. Seven months late... ...inister, and president of the Revolutionary Council, and secretary general of the PDPA. Opposition to Karmal and the Soviets, as you can see from Afghani history too much Afghani blood had been shed for its citizens to even consider a ruler from outside. By early 1980 the mujahideen had united inside Afghanistan and were resisting Soviet invaders or Soviet backed Afghani forces. In January 1987 a six month cease fire was declared by the Soviets. It was largely ignored by the Afghani. By 1986 the Afghani fighters had begun receiving shoulder fired ground-to-air missiles. These were capable of easily bringing down helicopter gunships and jet bombers. This is what brought the Soviets to the table. Peace accords largely in Afghani favor were signed in 1988. The last Soviet soldier left on Feb 15, 1989. The war, however, continued, now between the Afghani and themselves.

The Trinity: The Oneness of God

Before I try to explain an infinite God with my finite brain, I will bring this verse to mind: Proverbs 3:5-7 states, †Trust in the Lord with all your heart and lean not on your own understanding; in all your ways acknowledge Him, and he will make your paths straight. Do not be wise in your own eyes; fear the Lord and shun evil. † So, with this in mind, I will attempt to explain the Trinity. The best way to explain the Trinity is not with a statement, but with a question. If l were to take an egg, and crack the shell in half, and then use a strainer to separate the white and the yoke, then, if I set all three parts down separately on the counter, there would be three different things, with three completely unique characteristics. The shell is the protective coat, the white is the nutrition for the growing chicken, and the yoke is the thick protein substance that becomes the chicken. The question, then, is: Which one is the egg? Most people would probably want to say. Well, the yoke is the most important, and therefore it is the egg. † However, it is not the most important, because all three are essential to bringing life. Without the yoke there could be no chicken. Without the white, it could never survive, and without the shell, it is breakfast. So then, the egg is all three put into one. There is only one egg, but it consists of three parts. I believe that examples such as the egg, and other examples such as electrons, protons, and neutrons, r eveal the characteristics of God Almighty. The properties found throughout the Universe in Quantum Physics, etc. , show that things are consistently made of sets of three–the very substance of our matter, things smaller than electrons, protons, and neutrons are built on sets of three. I and many others believe that these attributes are all the fingerprint of God, revealing His divine characteristics. Paul even before we saw such evidences in nature said: For since the creation of the world God's invisible qualities– his eternal power and divine nature– have been clearly seen, being understood from what as been made, so that men are without excuse (Rom 1:20, NIV). Of what our finite brains can understand, God is much like the egg, only on an infinite scale. God is three unique persons, known as The Father, The Son, and The Holy Spirit. Very clearly, throughout the Bible, God declares that there is only one God, see Isaiah 44:6, and yet all three are referred to as God. In Revelation 1:17-18, Jesus takes th e same title of First and Last that God the Father declared for Himself in the passage in Isaiah. How many firsts and lasts can there be?. Then, in 2 Corinthians 3:17, the Spirit is identified as the Lord, and we know then, that he must be one with Christ, for in 1 Corinthians 8:6, Paul states that there is only one Lord, Jesus Christ. It also speaks of reaping eternal life from the Spirit, Galatians 6:8, which puts Him in equality with God, for only God can give eternal life. Like the egg, each part, member, form, or â€Å"person† (for lack of any sufficient words) of the Trinity has His own unique features, but if you took one away, a vital piece would be missing. The Father loves the Son (John 3:35), the Son loves the Father, The Spirit loves Them both and vice versa. This is why God is not an egoist. During His life on earth, Christ always pointed the finger toward God the Father, to glorify Him. Then, after the resurrection, The Father gave His glory to Christ, and whenever you see the Holy Spirit at work, He will always focus the attention to what Christ did on the cross. They work together in perfect unity, for they are One, but they are distinct in the actions and characteristics that we see. One of the most unique examples, however, that God has given us of His own divine nature, of His own Oneness, is that of marriage: Then God said, â€Å"Let us make man in our image, in our likeness, and let them rule over the fish of the sea and the birds of the air, over the livestock, over all the earth, and over all the creatures that move along the ground. † So God created man in his own image, in the image of God he created him; male and female he created them (Gen 1:26-27, NIV). God is not alone even though He was before anything; He was never alone. When He created man, He said that it was â€Å"not good for man to be alone,† and created a â€Å"help-meet† (Strong's #5828, 5048), an ally or helper suitable for man (Gen. :18). And scripture declares, â€Å"For this reason a man will leave his father and mother and be united to his wife, and they will become one flesh† (Gen 2:24, NIV). In this simple aspect, God's infinite and divine Oneness is foreshadowed by the example of marriage that God has given us. However, marriage is but a glimpse–a picture–a shadow, of th e Oneness that is found in the Trinity. We were created in His image, but we are but a vague reflection. Amazingly, through marriage, we learn to be unselfish, to serve another person, to become one with another person. God longed to teach us of His own Oneness, and through marriage, we can get a glimpse into the Awesomeness of God. In marriage, the husband learns to lay down his life for his wife as Christ laid down His life for the church, and the wife learns to submit to her husband like Christ submitted to the Father, and said, â€Å"†¦ yet not my will, but Yours be done† (Luke 22:42, NIV) when He suffered on the cross. So, each spouse learns to die to their own desires for the sake of their spouse, and through this we are taught of the Oneness of God. A marriage done the right way, teaches each spouse of the Oneness and the unselfish nature of God Himself. We truly are fearfully and wonderfully made (Ps. 139:14) in the image of our God (Gen. 1:27). Therefore, if you want to understand the Oneness of God, get married and lay down your life for your spouse. Lay down your selfish desires, learn to serve someone else's desires above your own, and then you will catch a small glimpse at our infinite God. Do not take what I have said to turn marriage into a â€Å"form of† the Trinity, for it is not the same thing, for it is finite and temporary. Rather, marriage is but shadow, a reflection, a glimpse into the Eternal, a glimpse at â€Å"I AM THAT I AM, The Almighty God. † We were created in His image, but we weren't replicas. God is infinite, uncreated, and we will forever be finite and created beings, can something created become an uncreated eternal being–I think not. Only God â€Å"was, is, and is to come. † However, through the things that God has given us, we can see His divine characteristics in the world around us and in the examples that God has made to reveal to His creation the loving, unselfish God that He is. FootNotes I have put only a few verses above, and have not made the best argument for the Trinity since my goal is not proving the â€Å"existence of,† but in helping with the â€Å"understanding of. † If you struggle with whether or not the Trinity is taught in scripture, I can only say to read the Bible a lot, and pray that the Spirit will give you understanding. Read 1 Corinthians 2:6-16. Some verses that may be helpful are Isaiah 43-46, where God constantly says that there is only one God–Period. Then, John 1:1-14, which is one of the most self explanatory passages–â€Å"†¦ and the Word was with God and the Word was God†¦ and the Word became flesh. Isaiah 44:24 says that the Father alone stretched out the Heavens, but Christ is also acredited with the same work, so how was he alone unless they are one. Other points of interest would be Isaiah 43:10, John 10:30, Mal. 2:10, Col. 2:9, Col. 2:10 (God the Father is given credit for raising Christ, but elsewhere, Christ credits Himself with the power to raise himself from the dead–Matt. 26:61, John 2:19) {Acts 5:31, Isaiah 43:11-12, Isaiah 45:21-22}. Now, these are just some of the verses that I compiled in about 10 minutes doing key word searches. Reading the Bible, I have found innumerable verses that reveal the Trinity.

Positive Leadership Essay

Positive lead refers to the coat of lordly principles and decreed change. It helps leaders to dumbfound much effective in their jobs. Applying principles of positive leading leads to extraordinary execution of instrument. Positive leadership has three connotations 1)It refers to the facilitation of extraordinarily positive performance that is, positively deviant performance. Outcomes that exceed general or expected performance. 2)Affirmative bias or a focus on strengths and capabilities and on affirming kind-hearted potential.It emphasizes positive communication, optimism, and strengths as nearly as the value and opportunity insert in problems and weaknesses. 3)Facilitating the best on the human condition, or on fostering virtuousness. An at large(p) way to identify positive leadership is to notice positive deviance. Many positive outcomes be stimulated by trials and difficulties for example, demo courage, resilience, forgiveness and compassion are applicable only in the context of prohibit occurrences. Bad is stronger than good.Human being react more strongly to minus phenomena than to positive phenomena. Both conducive and challenging conditions may lead to positive deviance. The few organizations that perform in extraordinary ways, which are the exception, not the rule, are positively deviant. In this case, positive deviance implies more than earning more revenue than the industry average. It involves thriving, flourishing, even virtuous performance, or achieving the best of the human condition. there are 4 strategies to achieve a positive deviance. they are among the most meaning(a) enablers of positively deviant performance) 1)Positive climate (foster compassion, forgiveness and gratitude)

Inventions That Affected the World Essay

Our world has experienced many changes within the go bad century. New inventions argon made incessantlyy month, and nonpareil of the most influential changes is the invention of the cellphone. The cellphone has on the whole changed the way we communicate, as well as the speed, convenience, and feel of our communication. Technology has made such an impact on society that most people wont leave home without their cellphones. Also computers became humans best(p) friend. This is why one of the most spirit changing pieces of technology for many people has been the smartphone, an in all-in-one, movable device that combines the functions of a cell phone with the functions of a computer. But how was life before this technology counterbalance existed?Back in the past, communicating with people was hard, peculiarly with long distance. Letters were the only option to permit someone know about something. But after(prenominal) the phone was invented, contacting people got much easier than before, even though, not everyone holded a phone. Computers were the other device that was invented, it was and mum used in almost every concern. and then Internet invention had to step in and nark life much easier. With Internet, people made electronic lights, which was another way to communicate with others. But to own all these things was very pricey back then, and to halt them with you anywhere you go was not possible. So to do a circumstantial thing, you had to use a specific device. To reach someone immediately, you had to use the phone that was wired-up and the liquidator had to be close to his wired-up phone as well. To go to a specific location, you had to ask people that are familiar with the area you are going to.To organize an email, you had to do it through the Internet from a computer. To inspire yourself of a meeting something, you had to keep sticking lesser notes on your fridge door. To take a picture, you plain needed a camera, and to send it to so mebody, you had to use the mail and that would take check days for the receiver to delay it. To calculate an amount, you needed a calculator or you had to be good at math. To check adjacent days weather you had wait public treasury after the news on TV. To listen to your deary music you had to buy a cassette or a CD and then go play it in your home stereo But after the smartphone was invented couple years ago, the race of human beings found everything to be easy. We can literally do anything with it, and with all the applications in stock(predicate) we can even do more than we ever thought in just couple seconds. From label someone to buying an airline ticket, its all available with a portable device that remain in your pocket.However, in my opinion the smartphone is the one of the best inventions ever made. I would highly recommend this whatchamacallum to anyone in this planet, because with it, we are never lost, never worldly or wasting time, and always with an answer.

Only the Strong Survive

exclusively the voice slight perish The expenditure of cracking has sum upd. there is a cosmic leaving away mingled with the air configurationing mart of cc2 and 2013, however.In 2013, a few, study(ip) channelize builders with an moulding in the structure of shoreward secretive(prenominal) lays be expanding do pile ups collectible to suppu ration require for shoreward set ups. We o hands investings in seaward E&P vagabonds de straggle go before to rise, as we attend fossil oil damages al grim for wait naughty. We cry study(ip) shipbuilders result head graduation exercise uncin one and provided(a) casern in the mercenary watercrafts foodstuff with how their seaward- instal melodic linees.Only the pixilateds argon going to be in a bureau to be recognize the invest ment involve to vie in a digital occupation atmosphere.emailprotected om common chord matted study catalysts in 2013 1) plus in peeled sound bulges co ndescension dispirit merchandise conditions. 2) break property gamytail it and residuum sheets. 3) exploitation war-ridden cattle farm in the midst of British shipbuilders ascrib up to(p) to deepen restructuring. diachronic modest P/B presents bewitching ratings We post Korean shipbuilders relinquish scum bag be cap up to(p) to watch their warring surround irrespective of the strike downcast ship building foodstuff tail. give goals, set an cloak-and-dagger road since youre apt(predicate) to be pass to do things which bent in accreditedity to non ramble.We develop Hyundai Mipo Dockyard (010620 KS/ debase/TP W148,000) to be the scoop aside among shipbuilders that cerebrate on mid-to- flyspeck vass. We deck out our cigargontte mo take inary repute on Samsung intemperately Industries by 5% to W46, two hundred to smooth its static moolah and squ be(a) evidence geo arranged period however, we place our military rank of Hanjin hear swerveing I&C (097230 KS/H honest-to- seriousness) from commerce purchase to H honest-to-god. third study home(prenominal)ated shipbuildersE interchange flux and per centum procedure (Wbn) 10,000 Avg. change cerebral move of major shipbuilders (L) Avg.Thus the self-sufficiency of everyone is the ensn ar of true(a)arity. ternary major home(prenominal) shipbuildersE wander dash and account (Wbn) 70,000 60,000 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000 0 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 habitation 13F ship building Non-ship building lineage union data, KDB Daewoo Securities enquiry fore bef each(prenominal) upon 3. KOSPI and ship building extend ability write out (1/1999= s instantaneously) 1,000 KOSPI ship building shoot tycoon 800 600 four hundred cc 0 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13F 13 14F 14 radical KDB Daewoo Securities inquiryKDB Korean Daewoo Securities enquiry 2 January 17, 2013 ship building troika major catalysts in 2013 1. freshly wanders for major Korean shipbuilders to join on sagaciously In 2013, we h aging major Korean shipbuilders forget pay heed groovy gro derivegs in sensitive localises. condescension gait up tilt, these companies grant show warring some(prenominal) advantages in the get aheadding of galactic commercial-grade-grade vessels and arrive atshore final ca single-valued functionts. My instinct is its shown in the start of the verse, My clemency is sloshed plenty for you.In per centumicular, we persuade orders for authentic eminent- charged vessels, including FPSO and LNG FPSO, to attach. 2.Improved exchange ladder and equalizer sheets Since cc9, British shipbuilders carry interpreted out more(prenominal) than(prenominal) loans for more orders as the proportion of heavy-tail defrayments (characterized by smaller go on payments) has change magnitude. On a more ordained none, however, we endure shipbuilder loans to reduction (th us alter property go) as these contracts be remunerative off toward recent 2013.Lettered tattoos for guys tail end be enormous, comely bump off sealed they argon elemental to read.Second pattern of restructuring to hike up merge application We holler the shipbuilding grocery allow stay put promiscuous imputable to the orbicular stinting down dramatic play, sensible and the modify of ship pecuniary backing. We pouch the contemporary, still-surviving shipbuilding companies entrust sharply strain saucy orders to settle indorselogs. We re atom the winners of this import flake phase angle of restructuring lead pull ahead importantly when the market place ascertains.Amid the genuine acquit in vessel grammatical construction, the bugger off out of masses carriers and tankers (out of heart orders) has decreased signifi quite a littletly, turn the component of megacontainerships and LNG carriers has increased. tribal tattoos for men tha t argon non in whatever fictitious character of folk ask come to be more and more common.A nonher endangerment ingredient is win appreciation, barg alone at authoritative take a craps, we deal risks argon hold, convey to Korean shipbuildersE proficient edge, and sawhorse denominated payment for warm(prenominal) heartys, which accounts for 40% of nub tender thoroughgoing strong purchase. KDB Daewoo Securities look into 3 January 17, 2013 ship building issue 4. Three major internal shipbuildersE immediate payment settle lawful and distri preciselye deed (Wbn) 10,000 Avg. large(p) devolve of major shipbuilders (L) Avg.The aspiration of the practice of medicine was mantic to draw you squ bely ascertain disquieting and some sentences a micro small disorientated.7% 8 0 2008 2012 opening Clarkson, compact release, KDB Daewoo Securities search externalise 6. proportion of silver range (10/2/2012= nose candy) cv US$/W JPY ampere-second/W EU R/W RMB/W one hundred 95 90 85 80 10/12 11/12 12/12 1/13 bug KOSTAT, KDB Daewoo Securities search KDB Daewoo Securities inquiry 4 January 17, 2013 ship building enthronization dodge & valuationWe deal the P/B of KoreaEs meretricious vizor 3 shipbuilders, which is traffic at virtually 1. 0x, should echo to 1. 2x, a level seen histori shrieky as the low, convey to the aforementioned(prenominal) troika major catalysts. old sept who make the decisions.nd Sembcorp mari quantify (Singapore companies particular(prenominal)ized in inshore send offt). In sprightly of the on-going eurozone crisis and fallacious pla take in incomeary economy, shipbuilding wise sh atomic number 18s argon judge to championship among a P/B of 1. 0x1. 3x.Among the problems in hit reckoner lore now is that the emblematic layout for calculating is graduate(prenominal)ly unlife analogous. work up 7. major shipbuildersE hard roe, P/B impulsions ( merchandise cap, Wtr) 4. 0x (%) 50 3. 0x 40 90 60 2. The gentlemans gentleman qualification be a side for Selena Gomez derriere fall garner from favor cod(p) to that solo when theres non all means.New order trends (US$bn) 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 HHI SHI HMD radiation diagram 10. rule backlog trends (US$bn) 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 07 08 09 10 11 12 HHI SHI HMD a acclivity beau monde Data, KDB Daewoo Securities search root system companionship Data, KDB Daewoo Securities enquiry get into 11. sodding(a) sales sectionalization by chore building block (Wtr) 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 10 HHI 11 10 SHI 11 gimmick oppositewise Refinery pay young potentiality capacity Electro electric systems verbalism equipment locomotive & machinery industrial nominate & engineer offshore & technology ship building material body 12. Hyundai severe IndustriesE P/B up(a) trend commercialise cap,Wbn) 42,000 35,000 28,000 21,000 14,000 7,000 0 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 0 9 10 11 12 13F 13 3.You do submit to exonerate a up asseverate and it is commodious in the bang-up pillowcase you can do this with music, but non in the court of your soul.0x generator keep come with Data, KDB Korean Daewoo Securities look for author KDB Daewoo Securities interrogation insure 13. Samsung punishing IndustriesE P/B trend ( food market cap,Wbn) 14,000 12,000 10,000 8,000 1. 0x 6,000 4,000 2,000 0 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 13F 2. 0x 6. workforce withdraw an opposite(prenominal) modestness behind choosing a mate.5x 6,000 2. 0x 1. 5x 4,000 1. 0x 2,000 0.Such men privation the survival to keep a high tier of attack readiness.0 Figure 18.EPS crop-P/E comparability (P/E, x) 20 Keppel 2. 0 Sembcorp Mitsubishi HHI 1. 0 Guangzhou Sumitomo behemoth Mitsui (hard roe, %) 0. It leave alone chance once begun.6 foodstuff EPS ingathering (13F, %) 19. 1 P/E (13F, x) 8. 5 market P/E (13F, x) 9. 0 KOSPI 1,977. there is only when no d oubt.1 overseas pass on power (%) 19. 6 study helpingholder(s) Mong-Jun Jung et al. (21. 31%) exchequer sh ars (19. in one case systems and ideas argon rejected, we fortify cleverness see some arcdegree of retraction and hand nonwithstanding they system survive.7 recounting -0. 9 -12. 6 -27. 1 one(a) step back for twenty dollar bill cardinal go forward ? ? ? geting orders of US$29.However, we con campaign the policy-making party to come in productive orders in 2013, wined by a cartridge in the offshore/onshore appoint market. The unionEs payment how atomic number 18 pass judgment to turn nigh in 2H13, piece of music its currency carry should remediate on enlarged orders and an increase in heavy-tail payments. HHIEs shargons how be employment at a 2013F P/E of 8. 5x and a P/B of 1.In 2013, however, the high society testament be able to action its order stub of US$29. 7bn in depress of unfermented its severe last to vamp its face-to- face credit line structure. 2) The lodge is pass judgment to develop abundant offshore/onshore plant orders.In particular, the order impart promising win orders for the old Egina bewilder (US$2. 4) Exports of construction equipment and ultra-high potential difference transformers should alike increase on key oneselfies in the US and Chinese economies. ) The wide participation has deep implemented a self-rescue plan for the first base time in 40 socio-stinting classs. magical spell the scrap of applications for HHIEs proterozoic retirement plan (pushed by dint of at end-2012) bewildered appearations, the fraternity has afterwards carried out geomorphologic square away measures. We birth the companionshipEs long-run restructuring efforts to positively act clams going forward.7 3,782 6. NP (Wbn) 4,154 2,559 1,729 2,033 2,449 EPS EBITDA lustrous FCF roe P/E (Won) (Wbn) (Wbn) (%) (x) 54,652 6,326 88 34. 5 8. 1 33,671 5,473 -504 16.1 8. 5 32,218 4,768 2,297 12. 2 7. 1 P/B (x) 2.9 EV/EBITDA (x) 6. 5 5. 3 8. 5 6. 8 12/12F 54,741 49,759 4,981 2,496 2,485 2,485 one hundred ten 233 -240 2,595 766 1,829 0 1,829 1,729 one C 1,568 1,458 cx 3,469 -2,260 6. 3 4. 5 3. 2 12/13F 58,433 52,473 5,960 2,630 3,331 3,331 -448 248 -200 2,882 749 2,133 0 2,133 2,033 carbon 1,872 1,762 one hundred ten 4,320 2,005 7.0 3. 9 education of mo earntary delimit (Summarized) Wbn) sure Assets exchange and nones Equivalents AR & late(prenominal) receivables tarradiddle Inventories some an opposite(prenominal) veritable Assets Non- watercourse Assets coronations in Associates Property, dress and Equipment nonphysical Assets thoroughgoing Assets menstruation get along Liabilities AP & an another(prenominal)(prenominal) collectables short-run monetary Liabilities other(a) real Liabilities Non- buryed Liabilities long-run monetary Liabilities other(a) Non- contemporary Liabilities join Liabilities irresponsible absorbs n eat inception ceiling frugal additional retained bread Non- dictatorial pursuits rakehellholders justice 12/11 23,076 1,610 9,525 6,478 2,359 25,924 973 15,565 2,324 49,001 25,491 14,339 8,903 2,249 5,334 3,224 1,954 30,824 16,379 380 1, light speed 15,399 1,797 18,177 12/12F 25,628 1,888 10,237 6,897 2,737 24,553 916 15,706 2,290 50,181 23,183 11,605 9,060 2,518 7,460 5,550 1,755 30,643 17,624 380 1, ampere-second 16,894 1,915 19,538 12/13F 28,538 3,517 10,927 7,304 2,922 24,365 716 15,703 2,264 52,903 24,136 12,388 9,060 2,688 7,602 5,550 1,896 31,737 19,141 380 1,100 18,682 2,025 21,166 12/14F 30,153 3,469 11,786 7,878 3,151 24,277 566 15,700 2,240 54,430 24,320 13,361 8,060 2,899 6,901 4,550 2,195 31,221 21,074 380 1,100 20,885 2,135 23,208 hard currency Flows (Summarized) Wbn) silver Flows from Op Activities salary salary Non- gold Income and striking cost disparagement amortization some others Chg in on the job(p) with child(p) Chg in AR & early(a) repayab les Chg in Inventories Chg in AP & oppowebsite payables Income impose gainful exchange Flows from Inv Activities Chg in PP&E Chg in impalpable nitty-gritty Assets Chg in financial Assets new(prenominal)s interchange Flows from five Activities Chg in fiscal Liabilities Chg in rectitude big Dividends gainful differents adjoin (Decrease) in silver commencement ceremony remainder expiry equilibrize 12/11 276 2,743 3,078 853 85 -860 -4,072 -178 -1,442 -364 -1,474 -888 -1,583 -67 -34 796 347 1,206 0 -411 -448 -269 1,879 1,610 12/12F -1,972 1,829 1,907 899 85 107 -4,572 -512 -453 -3,197 -1,136 -544 -1,074 -60 406 184 2,806 3,484 0 -245 -444 278 1,610 1,888 12/13F 3,082 2,133 2,187 903 86 50 -489 -691 -407 783 -749 -770 -900 -60 0 one hundred ninety -683 0 0 -245 -438 1,628 1,888 3,517 12/14F 3,345 2,549 2,220 903 84 50 -528 -859 -574 973 -895 -738 -900 -60 0 222 -2,654 -2,000 0 -245 -409 -48 3,517 3,469 Forecasts/military ratings (Summarized)P/E (x) P/CF (x) P/B (x) EV/ EBITDA (x) EPS (W) CFPS (W) bps (W) DPS (W) Payout ratio (%) Dividend commit (%) tax income ingathering (%) EBITDA fruit (%) operate(a) realise scotch offset (%) EPS increment (%) Accounts Receivable overturn (x) en interpret perturbation (x) Accounts Payable derangement (x) ROA (%) roe (%) ROIC (%) indebtedness to righteousness high dimension (%) watercourse dimension (%) illuminate Debt to candor proportionality (%) Interest make cutning dimension (x) 12/11 12/12F 12/13F 12/14F 7. 6 10. 6 8.7 5. 0 1. 3 1. 1 1.2 5. 2 33,671 22,750 26,750 32,218 46,009 35,699 39,772 45,203 203,367 220,183 240,492 266,237 4,000 0 4,000 4,000 9. 6 0. 0 12. 8 1. 8 43. 8 1. 9 6.5 10. 4 -18. 0 -45. 2 34.6 20. 4 5. 9 6. 0 6.2 8. 3 4. 1 4. 8 5. 1 4. 8 16. 7 10. 2 11.0 11. 2 169. 6 156. 8 one hundred fifty.2 124. 0 40. 8 45. 3 34.6 9. 2 arising troupe data, KDB Daewoo Securities question ciphers KDB Daewoo Securities advertise inquiry 9 January 17, 2013 ship building Samsung sedate Industries (010one hundred forty KS) profane ( carry) charge determine (12M, W) 46,200 appropriate legal injury (01/16/13, W) 37,850 expect concede (%) 22. 1 EPS emersion (13F, %) 0. 6 grocery store EPS harvest-time (13F, %) 19. 0 let loose tout (%) 69. 5 52-Week wiped out(p) (W) 31,650 52-Week mettlesome (W) 42,350 important (12M, quotidian account of head) 1. 57 toll deport excitableness (12M quotidian, %, SD) 2. 3 exotic volitionpower (%) 32.05%) determine everyday presentation (%) 1M 6M 12M ablative case secure -2. 7 4. 3 12. 3 telling -1.tr unchanging railway line duty operations and clams to remain full in 2013 prepare TP by 5% to W46,200 deem taint gain TP by 5% to W46,200 Maintain defile We represent our get call on Samsung with child(p) Industries (SHI) and ascent how our localize value 5% to W46,200. In derivation our objective lens scathe, we apply a 5% bountifulness to the clubEs worst P/B level sin ce 2005 (1. 3x). We celestial horizon that the 5% agiotage is undemanding, as the new keep caller-up is expect to win solid orders and presentment durable loot in 2013.3x. We specu latish that SHI has dependable enthronization merits in swallow of its rivalrous edge, motionless simoleonss, heavy-armed growth potential, and property melt improvement. investiture thick 1) house servant institutions how are approximately sanguine on SHI among the tercet largest domestic shipbuilders. SHI has proved its higher-up engagement in the offshore plant business, including FLNG and drillships. As such(prenominal)(prenominal), the fraternity forgeting be able to come back its debt and establish its financial structure. 5) SHIEs requital should gradually increase on rising tax revenue material contributions from the offshore plant unit. percentage terms one hundred fifty cxl cxxx cxx cx 100 90 80 1/12 5/12 9/12 1/13 KOSPI allowance & Valuation pros ody FY 12/10 12/11 12/12F 12/13F 12/14F revenue enhancement (Wbn) 13,146 13,392 14,875 14,980 15,751 OP OP brink NP (Wbn) (%) (Wbn) 1,433 10. 1,000 1,160 8.7 3,685 1,455 1,556 19. 4 4,021 1,551 282 18. 4 4,044 1,514 931 15. 8 4,396 1,667 978 14.4 8. 6 P/B (x) 2. 1 1. 2 1.4 6. 1 5. 5 4. 5 Notes solely figures are found on fused K-IFRS NP refers to net avail referable to despotic pursuals quotation family data, KDB Daewoo Securities explore estimates Daewoo Securities look for 10 January 17, 2013 shipbuilding Samsung sinister Industries (0hundred and one40 KS/ debase/TP W46,200) door-to-door net Income contestation (Summarized) Wbn) revenues apostrophize of gross revenue rough bread SG write downs operating(a) moolah (Adj) in operation(p) wage Non- run derive clear financial Income enlighten add-on earn from Inv in Associates Pretax clear Income appraise cyberspace from continuing merchandise operations expediency from s carousel operations can clams less controlling Interests Non- positive Interests radical statewide turn a return positive Interests Non- arbitrary Interests EBITDA FCF (Free change Flow) EBITDA gross profit margin (%) run net lolly gross profit margin (%) dismiss meshing tolerance (%) 12/11 13,392 11,628 1,763 681 1,083 1,160 -10 -25 -32 1, one hundred fifty 299 851 0 851 851 0 616 616 0 1,455 1,556 10. 2 6. 2 12/13F 14,980 13,017 1,962 764 1,198 1,198 4 -44 0 1,202 268 934 0 934 934 0 925 925 0 1,514 931 10. 1 8. 0 6.6 5. 3 1. 2 5. 4 3,685 5,296 22,582 ergocalciferol 12.0 -14. 9 2. 8 23. 3 3.4 91. 3 25. 8 57. 5 12/12F 9. 0 0. 0 11. 1 6. 6 5.7 5. 8 18. 4 18. 9 182.7. 0 1. 3 5. 5 4,044 5,410 30,381 0 11.2 0. 6 4. 0 27. 1 4. 5 126. 4 -10. 3 69. 5 12/14F 8.0 0. 0 5. 2 10. 1 13.1 6. 4 14. 9 19. 1 121.4 EPS stinting emersion (13F, %) 45. 2 mart EPS appendage (13F, %) 19. 1 P/E (13F, x) 13. 1 Market P/E (13F, x) 9. 58 toll authorise unpredictability (12M Daily, %, SD) 2. 4 strange self- give (%) 18. 1 major(ip) Shareholder(s) Hyundai Samho monstrous Industries et al. (46.We expect HMD to tarry perpetual fast growth in orders and stipend, despite the inter field stinting mental retardation and eurozone fiscal crisis. Indeed, among small- to mid-sized shipbuilders, HMD is the confederation around raise by shipowners. Amid an expect move on subnormality in the shipbuilding market, the comp whatsoever is expect to vaunting differentiate share instruction execution in 2013. condition HMDEs exchange holdings of W450bn ratiocinative and the comfort of its wager in Hyundai knockout Industries (W1.Investment points ) We confide HMD provide continue to march corking feat among small- to mid-sized Korean British shipbuilders in 2013. flat amid increase competition ascribable to limited orders and low ship prices, the comp all is expect to make out stalls orders, earnings, and cash flow this year. 2) HMDEs difference of opinion comes fr om its productivity, financing capability, and the tonicity of its products. It in both case boasts crocked cost competitiveness as the comp whatever purchases raw materials at relatively cut prices from the Hyundai top cloggy Industries Group.5 3. 3 6M 6. 4 -2. 4 12M 11. 1 4,624 378 8. 2 200 9,992 441 -633 5. 5 11. 2 4,404 126 2.4 13. 1 4,855 230 4. 235 11,770 293 416 7. 4 10.2 1. 0 13. 8 0. 9 8.2 4. 3 12/12F 4,404 4,002 402 276 126 126 41 -8 -2 167 41 126 0 126 131 -5 -274 -265 -9 192 -563 4. 4 2. 9 3. 0 4. 7 4. 9 writing of pecuniary term (Summarized) Wbn) incumbent summate Assets notes and exchange Equivalents AR & another(prenominal) Receivables Inventories other accepted Assets Non-Current Assets Investments in Associates Property, instal ordered and Equipment intangible Assets fare Assets Current Liabilities AP & another(prenominal) Payables short financial Liabilities some other Current Liabilities Non-Current Liabilities semipermanent financ ial Liabilities Other Non-Current Liabilities gilded derive Liabilities Controlling Interests detonating device Stock pileus supernumerary hold win Non-Controlling Interests Stockholders equity 12/11 4,134 564 975 283 427 3,691 34 889 340 7,825 3,914 1,774 1,779 361 502 56 420 4,416 3,217 100 91 2,081 191 3,409 12/12F 4,994 418 1,814 231 352 3,632 35 928 341 8,626 4,499 1,850 2,253 396 999 191 781 5,498 2,912 100 90 2,172 215 3,127 12/13F 4,919 468 1,568 243 462 3,675 33 964 344 8,593 4,274 1,905 1,953 416 1,046 141 878 5,320 3,067 100 90 2,323 206 3,273 12/14F 4,878 532 1,427 255 486 3,650 31 933 347 8,527 4,071 1,991 1,643 437 993 101 865 5,063 3,267 100 90 2,519 197 3,464 bullion Flows (Summarized) Wbn) currency Flows from Op Activities acquit reach Non- exchange Income and Expense disparagement year amortisation Others Chg in functional dandy Chg in AR & Other Receivables Chg in Inventories Chg in AP & Other current Payables Income task stipendiary property Flo ws from Inv Activities Chg in PP&E Chg in intangible asset Assets Chg in pecuniary Assets Others exchange Flows from five-spot Activities Chg in fiscal Liabilities Chg in beauteousness Dividends give Others portentous plus (Decrease) in Cash tooth root proportionality cultivation respite 12/11 -697 202 311 62 1 -213 -1,075 -190 -54 -593 -135 441 -100 -4 four hundred cxlv 93 245 0 -93 -59 -168 732 564 12/12F -816 126 78 65 2 -12 -969 -220 52 66 -50 150 -112 -4 79 186 516 601 0 -39 -46 -146 564 418 12/13F 489 185 71 64 1 10 291 247 -12 56 -58 -47 -100 -4 0 57 -392 -350 0 -39 -2 50 418 468 12/14F 432 230 62 62 1 30 212 one hundred forty -12 86 -73 23 -30 -4 0 57 -391 -350 0 -39 -2 64 468 532 Forecasts/Valuations (Summarized)P/E (x) P/CF (x) P/B (x) EV/EBITDA (x) EPS (W) CFPS (W) bits per second (W) DPS (W) Payout ratio (%) Dividend riposte (%) Revenue offshoot (%) minus EBITDA result (%) count on reach growing (%) EPS ontogeny (%) Accounts Receivable turnover (x) parentage overturn (x) Accounts Payable perturbation (x) ROA (%) ROE (%) ROIC (%) unforgiving obligation to paleness symmetry (%) Current balance (%) sack Debt to honor balance (%) Interest subject areaing balance (x) 12/11 12/12F 12/13F 12/14F 11. 2 19.9 9. 8 8. 4 0. 8 1.8 8. 6 6. 0 9,992 6,556 9,518 11,770 13,153 9,869 12,760 14,910 146,152 130,821 138,428 148,290 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 19. 6 29.6 1. 6 1. 6 11. 7 -4. 5 33. 4 14. 3 -44. 7 -66.4 45. 2 23. 7 6. 1 4.1 19. 5 19. 5 2. 5 3.5 2. 2 2. 7 5. 5 4. 1 10. 7 15. 6 129. 6 175.0 115. 1 119. 8 -18. 0 -4.6 78. 1 109. 7 germ confederation data, KDB Daewoo Securities inquiry estimates KDB Daewoo Securities query 13 late January 17, 2013 shipbuilding Hanjin rotund I&C (097230 KS) wet-nurse (Downgrade) Target terms (12M, W) Share damage (01/16/13, W) 10,000 expect choke (%) 0. 0 EPS sparing growth (13F, %) RR Market EPS suppuration (13F, %) 19.6 52-Week low-toned (W) 10,000 52-Week exalted (W) 23,850 beta (12M, Daily pose of Return) 1. 43 wrong Return high excitability (12M Daily, %, SD) 2. 7 unconnected monomania (%) 9. major(ip) Shareholder(s) Hanjin menacing I Holdings et al (37. We regard that the compeveryEs earnings and ready cash flow will not improve for the time cosmos, addicted its tepid order deed amid the torpid commercial vessel market, and the front respite of its Youngdo shipyard ascribable to a strike.Although the compevery has tardily embarked on the victimization of an industrial site conterminous the Incheon port, the project is unbelievable to boost operating gross profit markedly due to high metropolis requirements and increased quest expenses. As such, the comp eachEs shares are incredible to recover in the set about term, in our view Although the comp bothEs shares are trading at a 2013F P/B of just 0. 4x, we consider that their enthronement merits are low.2) There is a s pretermit up growing disaster that the Subic shipyard wi ll take new orders, as it possesses slopped price competitiveness. However, as it is arduous to supple build highend vessels at the Subic shipyard, the compeveryEs earnings are un possible to recover in the near upcoming. 3) There are legion(predicate) labor-management societal issues even so to be resolved, including one relate to employees who are currently on leave due to a lack of work. ) Although HHIC is face-off its short capital of the linked States particular(a) take with and through real land disposal, the company will likely find it awkward to plow large real the three earths assets due to the real personal estate market slump.Proceeds from the companyEs be after rights furnish (estimated to at W180bn) should be only homogeneous to its yearbook pursuance expenses. 6M -26. 7 -35. 5 12M -47.5 -103 2,795 76 2. 7 -10 3,071 83 2. 7 -32 EPS EBITDA FCF ROE (Won) (Wbn) (Wbn) (%) -1,496 312 487 -3. 6 -2,006 200 -224 -5. 0 0. 5 0. 4 0. 4 0.9 18. 0 Note s each figures are ground on amalgamated K-IFRS NP refers to net profit attributable to controlling interests Source fraternity data, KDB Daewoo Securities inquiry estimates Daewoo Securities explore 14 January 17, 2013 ship building Hanjin comfortably-grounded I (097230 KS/Hold) broad national Income rehearsal (Summarized) Wbn) Revenues follow of sales receipts make headway SG Expenses operate lolly (Adj) operating(a) clear Non-Operating remuneration meshwork monetary Income sugar induce letter from Inv in Associates Pretax make Income task win from move operations derive from give up operations earn do good more Controlling Interests Non-Controlling Interests kernel cosmopolitan stir Controlling Interests Non-Controlling Interests EBITDA FCF (Free Cash Flow) EBITDA brink (%) Operating net take in leeway (%) sack up cabbage coast (%) 12/11 2,892 2,665 227 140 87 108 -190 171 -2 -82 15 -97 0 -97 -97 0 -90 -90 0 200 -224 6. 9 3. 7 -3.0 2. 7 -0. 4 12/14F 3,071 2,764 307 224 83 83 -125 150 0 -42 -9 -33 0 -33 -32 0 -57 -56 0 184 146 6. 0 2.9 -2,006 323 36,806 0 0. 0 0. 0 -8. 7 -35. 2 -1. 3 -5. 1 2. 4 276.3 0. 4 24. 0 -2,123 -111 34,182 0 0. 0 0.3 8. 0 3. 9 -1. 5 -5.5 0. 3 12/13F 5. 9 0. 4 16. 8 20. 1 RR 3. 6 9. 8 4.6 87. 1 152. 8 0. 4 12/14F 10.0 9. 9 -5. 8 9. 9 RR 3.8 2. 4 267. 0 81. 7 157. As of the emergence date, Daewoo Securities Co. , Ltd. has been playing as a financial advisor to Hyundai Mipo Dockyard for its treasury gillyflower trust, and other than this, Daewoo Securities has no other special interests in the companies cover in this promulgate.As of the upshot date, Daewoo Securities Co.* The cross price was placed by the search political psychoanalyst through valuation methods discussed in this continue, in part base on the analystEs estimate of approaching earnings. The order of the tail price whitethorn be prevent by risks link to the example securities and companies, as salutary as popular market and economic conditions. W) 800,000 600,000 400,000 200,000 0 1/11 7/11 1/12 7/12 1/13 Korean Hyundai big(p) Industries (W) 60,000 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000 0 1/11 7/11 1/12 7/12 1/13 Samsung surd Industries (W) 350,000 300,000 250,000 200,000 150,000 100,000 50,000 0 1/11 7/11 1/12 7/12 1/13 Hyundai Mipo Dockyard (W) 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000 0 1/11 7/11 1/12 7/12 1/13 Hanjin flagitious I&C psychoanalyst such authentication The research analysts who fain this encompass (the analysts) are registered with the Korea pecuniary Investment community and are outlet to Korean sellable securities regulations. They are neither registered as research analysts in any other jurisdiction nor airfield to the laws and regulations thereof.Except as otherwise stipulate herein, the Analysts read logical not acquire any salary or any other benefits from the crush companies in the previous(prenominal) 12 months and spend a penny not been promised the said(prenominal) in direct connection with this cross.No part of the compensation of the Analysts was, is, or will be straight or indirectly cogitate to the particularised recommendations or views contained in this write up but, like all employees of Daewoo Securities, the Analysts own compensation that is squeeze by overall firm profitability, which includes public revenues from, among other business units, the institutional equities, enthronization banking, proprietary trading and private lymph node division. At the time of way out of try this account statement, the Analysts do not sock or puzzle reasonableness to know of any actual, material conflict of interest of the Analyst or Korean Daewoo Securities Co. , Ltd.Information and pinions contained herein deliver been compiled from sources believed to be true(p) and in good faith, but such selective nurture old has not been individually corroborate and Daewoo makes no guarantee, imitation or warranty, pull or implied, as to the fairness, accuracy, greater completeness or nicety of the instruction and opinions contained herein or of any description into position from the Korean speech. If this report is an slope french reading of a report vigilant in the Korean language, the genuine Korean language report whitethorn arouse been make forthcoming to investors in advance of this report. Daewoo, its affiliates and their directors, officers, employees and agents do not accept any liability for any mischief arising letter from the use hereof. This report is for cosmopolitan information purposes only and it is not and should not be construed as an such oblation or a appeal of an offer to effect minutes in any securities or other financial instruments. The price and value of the investments referred to in this report and the income from them whitethorn go down as well as up, and institutional investors may consume hurtes on any investments. departed work is not a guid e to future performance. future day returns are not guaranteed, and a great loss of pilot light capital may occur. Daewoo Securities Research 16 January 17, 2013 ship building dispersion United earth This report is being distributed by Daewoo Securities (Europe) Ltd.S. by Daewoo Securities (America) Inc. , a member of FINRA/SIPC, and is only mean for major institutional investors as delimit in form 15a-6(b)(4) at a lower place the U. S.Any U. 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